Artificial Intelligence is the ability of a machine (or robot) to mimic intelligent human behavior. It involves creating algorithms that enable computers to perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence. These tasks include decision-making, problem-solving and language translation.
AI is more than a technology. It’s a collection of systems and methodologies designed to mimic human cognitive functions. In the last few decades, AI has evolved from a theory to a powerful tool used in many industries and aspects of daily life. What exactly is “intelligent?” Let’s examine it.
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Origins of Artificial Intelligence
AI’s journey began in the early 20th century. Advances influenced it in philosophy, mathematics, and computer sciences. John McCarthy coined the term “artificial intelligent” in 1956 during the Dartmouth Conference. The conference was a meeting that aimed to find ways to simulate human intelligence by machines. Early AI research was primarily focused on symbolic AI. This involved using rules in order to simulate the human ability to solve problems.
AI has changed dramatically over the years. Key milestones include the development of expert systems in the 1970s, the emergence of machine learning in the 1990s, and the current age, which is characterized by deep learning and neural network technology. As computing power and data accessibility increased, AI evolved from theoretical models into practical applications.
Artificial Intelligence Types
AI is divided into two types: narrow AI and General AI. Understanding these categories can help us understand where AI is now and what challenges it faces.
i: Narrow AI (Weak AIS)
Narrow AI (also known as Weak AI) is designed to accomplish specific tasks. These systems are highly specialized and have limited capabilities. Examples include:
- Voice assistants such as Siri and Alexa
- Recommendation engines on platforms such as Netflix and Amazon
- Tesla’s self-driving cars are autonomous vehicles
They are very good at what they were designed to do but not able to perform other tasks. The majority of AI that we interact with is Narrow AI.
ii: General AI (StrongAI)
Strong AI or General AI refers to machines with the same intelligence as humans. They can learn and understand a variety of tasks. This type of AI may not exist for decades or even centuries. General AI would need to be able to understand emotions, think abstractly and make decisions without supervision.
The development of General AI raises many philosophical and ethical issues, especially regarding its possible impact on society and the workforce.
Artificial Intelligence: Key Technologies
AI is reliant on several core technologies in order to work effectively. Here are the most important ones:
Neural Networks
These algorithms are based on the brain. They use neural networks made up of “neurons” or layers of interconnected nodes that process data. These networks are especially powerful for tasks like image and speech recognition. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses a large neural network with multiple layers. This allows AI to solve complex problems.

Deep Learning
Deep learning is an advanced form of machine learning that trains large neural networks using vast amounts of data. This technology has played a key role in the advancement of technologies such as voice assistants, image recognition and language processing. Although deep learning models are computationally intensive, they have produced impressive results. For example, they beat humans in games such as Go and Chess.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)
NLP, or natural language processing, allows AI to understand and create human language. This technology powers speech recognition for virtual assistants, text analysis in chatbots, sentiment analysis and language translation. NLP is a rapidly growing field that allows machines to understand subtleties in language, such as context, tone, and meaning.

Computer Vision
AI systems can interpret and understand visual data using computer vision. This technology is used for applications such as facial recognition, object identification, and autonomous cars. AI can analyze images and videos to identify patterns and make visual decisions.
